Elements with atomic numbers greater than 100 are called superheavy elements. Most of these elements do not occur naturally and are synthesized in laboratories. Due to their instability, these elements have short half-lives and often decay rapidly.

IUPAC Naming Convention:

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has developed a systematic method for naming elements with atomic numbers greater than 100, which are not yet officially discovered or synthesized. This ensures a consistent approach to naming new elements before their discovery is confirmed.

Key Rules for IUPAC Nomenclature:

1. Use of Root Words:

  The atomic number is broken down into its constituent digits, and each digit is replaced by a specific Latin root. These roots are then combined to form the name of the element.

2. Suffix:

  The element name ends with the suffix “-ium” regardless of the atomic number.

3. Combination of Roots:

  The digits of the atomic number are written together with the corresponding Latin roots, followed by the suffix "-ium." For example:

  - Element 101: Unnilunium (Un + nil + un + ium)

  - Element 118: Ununoctium (Un + un + oct + ium)

4. Spelling Adjustments:

  To avoid awkward pronunciation:

  - The final “n” in “enn” is omitted if it is followed by another "n".

  - Double vowels are avoided, and certain roots are adjusted when combined.

Read Also: Periodic Table and Electron Configuration

Examples of Nomenclature:

Element 101: Unnilunium (Now officially known as Mendelevium)

Element 102: Unnilbium (Now officially known as Nobelium)

Element 103: Unniltrium (Now officially known as Lawrencium)

Element 118: Ununoctium (Now officially known as Oganesson)

Official Naming After Discovery:

Once an element is synthesized and confirmed, it is given a permanent name by the IUPAC. These names are often derived from:

- Famous scientists (e.g., Mendelevium for Dmitri Mendeleev)

- Places or laboratories (e.g., Dubnium, named after Dubna, Russia)

- Mythological concepts (e.g., Thorium, named after Thor, the Norse god)

Conclusion:

The IUPAC’s systematic naming method for elements with atomic numbers greater than 100 ensures clarity and uniformity in the scientific community. Once an element is confirmed through experimentation, it is given a permanent name, often commemorating a significant figure or place in science.